Symptoms Addressed by TOF Repair

• Cyanosis (bluish skin, lips, and nails)

• Shortness of breath, especially during feeding or exercise

• Fatigue and poor growth in infants and children

• Heart murmurs detected during clinical examination

• Fainting or “Tet spells” due to sudden drops in oxygen levels

Procedure Overview

1. Pre-operative Assessment

   • Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and CT scans

   • Blood tests and evaluation of overall health

2. Surgery

   • Performed under general anesthesia with cardiopulmonary bypass

   • VSD closure with a patch

   • Relief of pulmonary stenosis by enlarging the pulmonary valve or artery

   • Repair of other associated defects if present

3. Post-operative Care

   • ICU stay for monitoring (usually 2–5 days)

   • Medications to support heart function

   • Gradual recovery with follow-up echocardiograms and clinical assessments

Benefits of TOF Repair

• Restores normal oxygen levels in the blood

• Reduces risk of cyanotic spells and heart failure

• Improves growth, energy, and exercise tolerance in children

• Prevents long-term complications like arrhythmias or pulmonary hypertension

• Significantly increases life expectancy

Cost of TOF Repair Surgery in India

Table 1: Average TOF Repair Surgery Cost in India

Factors Affecting TOF Surgery Cost

1. Age and weight of the patient – Infants may require specialized care

2. Complexity of the defect – Additional associated anomalies increase surgery duration and cost

3. Hospital infrastructure – Advanced pediatric cardiac centers charge higher fees

4. Surgeon expertise – Experienced congenital heart surgeons may influence costs

5. Post-operative care – ICU stay, monitoring, and medications affect overall expenses