Thyroid Cancer Treatment in India

Thyroid cancer begins in the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck that produces hormones controlling metabolism. Most thyroid cancers are treatable, especially when detected early, with survival rates among the highest for all cancers.

What is Oncological Surgery?

Oncological surgery includes a wide range of procedures tailored to cancer type, stage, and location. It can be:

  • Curative surgery – complete removal of cancer (e.g., lumpectomy, mastectomy, colectomy).

  • Debulking surgery – removing as much tumor as possible when complete removal is not feasible.

  • Palliative surgery – relieving symptoms such as pain, obstruction, or bleeding in advanced cancer.

  • Diagnostic surgery – biopsies to confirm cancer type and staging.

  • Reconstructive surgery – restoring form and function after cancer removal (e.g., breast reconstruction).

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Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer

  • A lump or swelling in the neck

  • Hoarseness or voice changes

  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing

  • Persistent cough not due to infection

  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck


Risk Factors

  • Family history of thyroid disease or thyroid cancer

  • Genetic syndromes (e.g., MEN2 for medullary thyroid cancer)

  • Radiation exposure, especially during childhood

  • Female gender (higher risk than men)

  • Age (20–55 years for papillary, older age for anaplastic)


Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer

  • Ultrasound: First-line imaging for nodules.

  • Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB): Confirms cancer.

  • Blood tests: Thyroid function tests, calcitonin (for medullary thyroid cancer).

  • CT, MRI, or PET scans: For staging in advanced cases.


Treatment Options for Thyroid Cancer

1. Surgery (Primary Treatment)

  • Lobectomy: Removal of one thyroid lobe (for small tumors).

  • Total Thyroidectomy: Removal of the whole thyroid gland.

  • Neck dissection: Removal of affected lymph nodes.

2. Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy

  • Destroys any remaining thyroid tissue or cancer after surgery.

  • Mainly used in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

3. Hormone Therapy

  • Thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine) after thyroidectomy.

  • Suppresses TSH (which can stimulate cancer growth).

4. Targeted Therapy

  • For advanced or metastatic disease not responding to RAI.

  • Drugs include Lenvatinib, Sorafenib, Cabozantinib, Vandetanib.

5. External Beam Radiation Therapy

  • Rarely used, but may be considered in advanced or inoperable cases.

6. Chemotherapy / Immunotherapy

  • Limited role, mainly for aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer.


Cost of Thyroid Cancer Treatment in India

Table 1: Average Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cost in India

Type of TreatmentMinimum Cost (INR)Maximum Cost (INR)Approx. USD Range
Surgery (Thyroidectomy)₹1,50,000₹3,50,000$1,810 – $4,220
Radioactive Iodine Therapy₹80,000₹2,00,000$960 – $2,410
Hormone Therapy (per year)₹12,000₹25,000$145 – $300
Targeted Therapy (per month)₹2,50,000₹4,50,000$3,010 – $5,420
External Beam Radiation Therapy₹1,50,000₹4,00,000$1,810 – $4,820

Factors Affecting Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cost

  1. Type of thyroid cancer – papillary is more straightforward, while anaplastic is complex.

  2. Stage at diagnosis – early detection often requires only surgery and RAI, advanced cases need multimodal therapy.

  3. Type of hospital – tertiary care centers with nuclear medicine facilities charge more.

  4. Targeted therapy use – these drugs are among the most expensive components.

  5. Long-term care – hormone replacement and follow-up scans add to lifetime costs.

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At Avicenna Global, we place patient safety and quality of care at the heart of everything we do. Partnering with internationally accredited hospitals (JCI & NABH) and certified specialists, we ensure that every treatment is delivered with the highest standards of medical excellence.

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